Tuesday, December 31, 2019
The Great Gatsby - 951 Words
essay The great gatsby, a novel by F.Scott Fitzgerald, is about the loss of innocence and societys downfall as they try to reach this dream. The goal is different for each person, as well as the loss. He or she has a chance of achiving wealth and happiness that sccompaniesit. The great gatsby believes that one can acquire happiness through the accumulaton of wealth and power. Fitzgerald uses images of the character Jay Gatsby, excessive wealth, and immoral actions with the characters to portray the cost of a corrupted society. Jay Gatsby is a conspicuous example of the success and the breakdown of a corrupted society. Gatsby, initially appears to be a self-made, wealthy man, and is a remarkable example of how hard work can lead to†¦show more content†¦Fitzgerald gives a slight critique of gender roles in the class. Women`s feministic characteristics and their united life long struggle for quality in a man`s society. Miss Baker displays the typical feminist, and the character `s personality was that of a struggling but very independent woman. this type of personality was key to change the way of society at the time of this book was written. The upper class that is dipicted in The Great Gatsby is an example of how the `dream` is failed. The principles of working hard, taking responsibility, having respect and showing decency towards one another are lost to greediness, selfishness, and snobbery. These people are superficial and believe that money can buy happieness. They come to Gatsby`s parties uninvited, and gossip about him in his own home: ``Somebody told me they thought he killed a man once`...`i dont think its so much that.. it`s more that he was a German spy during the war`` (48). People tend to over look the significant characteristics in others, and tend to focus more on the shallow characteristics of the person. The Great Gatsby is not merely a description about the failed aspirations of many people; it is also about how society losses innocence, and the idea of the dream being too extreme for an ideal to ever be reached. Innocence and the dream can be preceived in many ways. One can consider it to be about wealth and power, andShow MoreRelated Great Gatsby1497 Words  | 6 PagesIn chapter 3 of The Great Gatsby Nick is invited to one of Gatsby’s extravagant parties. He arrives only to find he doesn’t know where Gatsby is, and then he runs into Jordan Baker. Together they set off to find Gatsby and they head to the library where they find â€Å"Owl Eyes†, a drunken man trying to get sober. After talking to â€Å"Owl Eyes†for awhile they head outside again where Nick unknowingly starts a conversation with Gatsby. After revealing himself, Gatsby tells Jordan that he would like to speakRead MoreThe Great Gatsby1168 Words  | 5 Pagesone must be born into it. Therefore in The Great Gatsby, by F-Scott Fitzgerald, Gatsby fails to join the old money club because he exhibits his wealth to society. Gatsby possessions provides an indicator that he purchases items with eye appeal and flashiness which Old money typically never buys in order to impress or show off to others. They prefer to buy small non-noticeable items that skilled eyes will only know the true value of the merchandise. Gatsby on the other hand purchased a huge houseRead MoreThe Great Gatsby2449 Words  | 10 PagesI glanced seaward – and distinguished nothing except a single green light Possibly F. Scott Fitzgeralds masterpiece, The Great Gatsby is not just a magnificent story, but a lesson of societys flaws during the roaring 1920s. Fitzgeralds story creates an atmosphere of superficiality, dissatisfaction and dishonesty by the description of each character. With the economical growth, and the immoral society of the 1920’s ultimately brought corruption to desire of the American Dream and the chanceRead MoreThe Great Gatsby806 Words  | 3 Pagesthey smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money...and let other people clean up the mess they had made... (P. 179). During the 20s, many peoples American dream was to go out, party and be free, the roaring 20s. The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald is an explanation of how people acted. People went to parties, lived in luxurious homes, criticized each other, and wanted to achieve their dream by trying to live it. The Wilson marriage is a failure because its one-sidedRead MoreThe Grea t Gatsby647 Words  | 3 Pagesunderstand the book. Endings of books are usually there to bring the novel to a close and deliver a life lesson at the end. All of the concepts and themes are in the body of the book and are well presented depending on the author. In Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, the American Dream was the theme that was presented, and according to the story it is unachievable and just an infant fantasy that America portrays. While reading the story, the characters’ views on how their interpretation of the American DreamRead MoreThe Great Gatsby607 Words  | 2 Pagesby the name of Jay Gatsby. Nick is the narrator who is sees a different side of Gatsby that sees him â€Å"great†aside from his wealth and corruption. Nick grew up in the Jazz age and it was replaced with the vitality, and favor of the artificial American dream. Gatsby’s life was full of winnings along with failures that followed him into death throughout the novel; never the less he achieves a form of â€Å"greatness†because of his morality in Nick’s perspective. In The Great Gatsby, Nick’s perspectiveRead MoreGreat Gatsby5612 Words  | 23 PagesThe Great Gatsby – Study Guide Chapter 1 1. Why is Nick Carraway made the narrator? The device of giving Nick the function of narrator lends psychic distance from the story. Nick is part of the action, yet he is not one of the principals. He shares some of the emotions and is in a position to interpret those of the others. However, the happens are not center on him. 2. What kind of relationship exists between Nick and the Buchanans? It is completely superficial. He speaks of themRead MoreThe Great Gatsby 565 Words  | 2 PagesIn the book The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, Daisy Buchanan is a perplexing character. She is charming and pretty, yet her personality is almost robotic. Daisy has no sincere emotions; she only knows social graces and self-preservation. A materialistic society makes Daisy a jaded person who lacks any real depth. Gatsby remembers Daisy as the pretty girl from North Dakota he fell in love with when he was in the military. He soon sees that she is different, although he denies it, even toRead MoreNarratology in The Great Gatsby1308 Words  | 6 PagesFitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby demonstrates what Marie-Laure Ryan, H. Porter Abbott and David Herman state about what narratology should be. These theorists emphasize the importance of conflict, human experience, gaps and consciousness, among many other elements, in order for a story to be considered a narrative. The Great Gatsby shows these elements throughout the book in an essential way. This makes the reader become intrigued and desperate to know what will happen next. The Great Gatsby is unpredictableRead MoreModernism In The Great Gatsby1728 Words  | 7 Pages Modernism in The Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby is a novel by American author F. Scott Fitzgerald that follows the story of Jay Gatsby in the Jazz Age of the United States. Although this novel tells a fictional tale, it also gives readers a window into the social and economic environment of America in the time period following World War I. For this reason, The Great Gatsby is considered one of the most important examples of Modernism in American literature. The Modernist themes in this novel come
Monday, December 23, 2019
Why Has Billabong Clothing Got 10 Points on Total Weighing Scale as a Research Paper
Essays on Why Has Billabong Clothing Got 10 Points on Total Weighing Scale as a Result of a Buyer's Visit Research Paper The paper â€Å"Why Has Billabong Clothing Got 10 Points on Total Weighing Scale as a Result of a Buyer's Visit?†is a  breathtaking variant of a research paper on marketing. I am a twenty-five-year-old student undertaking a Bachelor in Commerce, majoring in Marketing, at Central Queensland University, Australia, where I am doing an exchange semester. I am actually a German student, presently, I am living in the US. Because of the mystery shopping, in service and relationship marketing lecture, I am commissioned to be a mystery shopper at Billabong (clothing), in an effort to quantify and qualify their service. I personally have a preference, when it comes to fashion, design, and choice.1.2 PreparationsAlthough I am a lover of fashion, I have neither known nor visited the Billabong (clothing) at Burleigh Heads, Queensland, in Australia. Since, I was scheduled to carry out the analysis in two days' time, 17th March 2011; I decided to gather enough information about Billabong . I checked the website and found the Billabong (clothing) Website (http://www.billabonggirls.com.au/), I felt happy because it would serve as a reliable source (Moschino 2011).However, I could not locate specific information about where exactly they are located, this even annoyed me. So I went ahead and tried to Google search map to Billabong (clothing) stores, I found one, but it never gave clear direction. Since I didn’t have a vehicle; I was to connect the Brisbane City Council bus routes 411, which run directly from the University of Queensland to Billabong in Queensland.On the higher side, I was attracted to the products they sold. Specifically, I wanted to purchase the Perisher Chambray Shirt that was going for AU $79.99. In quality, the kind of fashion and perfumes advertised on the Website were wonderful. They increased my pleasure to reach the store and I felt that their products were the best. I also expect that the prices would be favorable, as indicated in the ad vertised products. Unfortunately, they never gave any clarification on the ingredients of the perfumes; this seemed risky to me, for I was allergic to some type of perfume ingredients.Getting to the StoreAlthough my journey from Brisbane City was just a few hours long, between the university and Queensland it felt like an eternity, but quite expensive, $20. I was due in the Billabong (clothing) at 7:00 pm to meet the long-awaited opportunity shopping day beforehand. I figured that Billabong (clothing) shopping therapy was the best therapy for the day’s turbulence. Though excited for days yet undertaking, I had already been disappointed by the high fare to the store.The actual VisitOn arrival, a huge white box of a building with cylindrical windows and blue awnings, grounded me straight away, with its array of $100.00 and over clothes, not to mention the biggest assortment of formal gowns I had yet experienced. It was all very intimidating, when I approached the reception I wa s assumed to be well versed with the shop. Moreover, the employees were not friendly at all, also, on request of a brochure to guide me on my shopping, they never bothered to give a reply. I felt annoyed because the store seemed too big. As I walked along the corridors, clothes looked well, but not as what I had expected for an international fashion company. No employee was available to guide me on the way to go, so I regrettably went along the corridors when very exasperated.
Sunday, December 15, 2019
Infant Motor Developm Free Essays
Infant Motor Development I.  First Month A.   can already raise its head for a moment B. We will write a custom essay sample on Infant Motor Developm or any similar topic only for you Order Now     twists its head from side to side when lying on rear C.    hands remain gritted D.   has already a sturdy clutch reflex E.    stares and goes after object moving ahead of him/her (range of 45 degrees) F.     performs husky sounds G.   gazes closely at parents when they speak to him/her II.               Second Month A.   raises its head about 45 degrees when resting on stomach B.    head nods forward when grasp in sitting position C.    clutch reflex declines D.   goes after hanging objects with eyes E.    makes smiles III.            Third Month A.   begins to stand partial load on both legs when clutched in a standing position B.    able to grasp head up when sitting but still nods frontward C.    can lift head and shoulders when resting on stomach (amid 45 and 90 degrees) D.   stands load on forearms E.    grasps objects but does not get in touch with them F.     grasps own hands and drags at bedspreads and clothes G.   goes after object (180 degrees) H.   makes more sounds I.      smiles when sees recognizable features. IV. Fourth Month A.   has already a fine head control B.    sits with help C.    stands some load on legs when clutched erect D.   lifts head and chest off plane (90 degree angle) E.    turns from back to side F.     discovers and plays with hands G.   attempts to get in touch with but misses H.   clutches objects with two hands V.  Fifth Month A.  sign of teething starts B.  grasps head up when sitting C.  turns from abdomen to rear D.  places feet to mouth when resting on rear E.   freely holds objects and gets objects openly to mouth VI. Sixth Month A.   starts to masticate and nibble B.    raises head when dragged to a sitting position C.    turns form rear to abdomen D.   holds and manages small objects E.    clutches bottle F.     seizes feet and drags to mouth G.   bends body to make out an object H.   twists head from side to side and then stares up or down VII. Seventh Month A.  learns to sit without help (may bend forwards on two hands) B.  stands full load on feet C.  springs when grasped in standing position D.  shifts objects from one hand to another E.  hits objects on planes F.   and able to grip on small objects VIII.   Eight Month A.  sits fine without help B.   stands load on legs and may rest holding on to fixtures C.   lifts out up objects by index, fourth, and fifth finger alongside thumb D.   able to discharge objects E.   drags cords to get objects F.   seeks for objects that are far IX.  Ninth Month A.   starts swarming B.    drags up to standing position from sitting C.   sits for extended time (at most 10 minutes) D.  employs thumb and index finger to lift up objects E.   places arms ahead of face to shun having it washed X.  Tenth Month A.  goes from abdomen to sitting position B.  sits by rundown C.  recuperates balance effortlessly while sitting D.  raises one foot to make a step while standing E.   wields bye F.   recurs actions that draw attention XI.  Eleventh Month A.   learns to stroll gripping on to fixtures or other objects B.    puts one object following another into a pot C.    returns back to lift up an object while sitting D.   able to control objects out of stretched fitting places E.    turns a ball when requested, and quakes head for rebuff XII.  Twelfth Month A.   strolls with one hand grasp B.    bears and tries first steps unaided C.    rests from standing position alone D.   tries to construct two chunk towers but may fall short E.    goes after fast moving objects F.     grips to parents in odd circumstances G.   seeks object where it was previously seen References: Piek, J. P. (2006). Infant Motor Development. Human Kinetics Publishers. Gallahue, D. L. (2006). Understanding Motor Development: Infants, Children, Adolescents,      Adults. McGraw-Hill Companies. How to cite Infant Motor Developm, Essay examples
Friday, December 6, 2019
Skype Qnd the Chqnge of the Value Curve in Voip Industry free essay sample
Within this essay, several theoretical concepts would be developed and underpinned practical examples taken from how Skype has revolutionized the telecommunication industry. Firstly, the new value innovation which constitutes Skype  would  be  characterized. Afterwards,  the  impact  of  Skype’s  new  value  innovation on its industry would be explained. Secondly, it would be seen how innovation and entrepreneurial intensity of firms introducing new services or products can influence the shape of the industry value curve, using strategic canvas framework. Thirdly, the identification of new groups of customers that enable the new innovation would be demonstrated. 1 T o begin with it seems relevant to define innovation. According to Steve Job cited in Fortune in 1998, innovation does not depend on the amount of money you spend but on â€Å"the  people  you  have,  how  youre  led,  and  how much  you  get  it†. Besides  according  to  Drucker  (1985, cited in Kuratko and Hodgetts, 2004:137),  innovation  is  â€Å"the  specific  instrument  of  entrepreneurship  [  the  act  that  endows  resources  with  a  new  capacity  to  create  wealth. †Drucker asserts that innovation leads to wealth creation. Kim and Mauborgne nuance the notion of innovation introducing the new value innovation. According  to  them,  â€Å"Value Innovation  is  the  cornerstone  of  blue  ocean  strategy. It focuses on making the competition irrelevant by creating a leap in value for buyers and for the company, thereby opening up new and uncontested market space. †This works if there is the simultaneous effort to differentiate and to reduce the cost for buyers. They emphasize that value innovation benefits to customers and to the company which initiates it (see figure 1, p. 10). Besides, value innovation integrates a different approach than the conventional logic and applies a strategic logic of high growth including five dimensions: industry assumption, strategic focus, customers, assets and capabilities and product/service offering (see figure 2, p. 10) In the case of Skype, the company did this leap and created an uncontested market by transforming the way we communicate, using the shift from analog to digital (Rosenberg J. 2012). In 1876 analog telephone was invented by Graham Bell and  in  1960’s  it  became  global. It  is  just  in  the  1980’s  that  digital  connections  appeared, followed by the entrance of the mobile phone. Infrastructures for the digital technology were developed, and reduced the cost of information transmission. In 2003, Skype used this revol ution and revolutionized habits by launching the software which allows users to communicate –peers to peers on internet- with video 2 nd voice, to share files, to tchat and do video conferences, all of that free of charge. This combined voice and video offering gives users much higher value at lower cost than alternatives such as long distance calling, where you cannot see each other (Rosenberg J. , 2012). Furthermore, it ridicules complex and high costs calls from room-based video conferencing and reduces the costs of business or leisure travel. The impact on the industry was huge. â€Å"We  are  in  the  middle  of  an  incredible  revolution of how technology works as a whole. Voice Over IP has already transformed communication,  and  we  have  just  begun,† said  Jonathan  Rosenberg,  chief technologist for Skype, during a lecture at Elon University in 2012. Indeed Skype made the competition irrelevant and Avaya, Siemens and Nortel Networks have stopped selling their expensive voice boxes for conferences (Rosenberg J. , 2012). Jonathan Rosenberg insists  in  the  conference  saying  â€Å"Holy  cow,  this  is  a  market  that  didn’t  exist,  and  now  12. 5 % of international calls include video†. The  shift has been radical for the industry and Skype represents now 25 % of the total volume of international calls. At last, TeleGeography’s  latest  data  shows  that  the  growth  of  international  call  traffic  slows  down,  while  Skype’s  cross-border traffic continues to soar (see figure 3, p. 11). 3 S econdly, the canvas value curve would be defined and the influence of Skype on the shape of the industry value curve using strategic canvas framework would be considered. According to Kim and Mauborgne the strategy canvas is the central diagnostic and action framework for building a compelling blue ocean strategy. Blue ocean strategy is an expression used by these two authors to express the uncontested market created by the value innovation; in contrast with the red ocean where firms are competing (see figure 4, p. 11). Being a tool for the BOS, the strategy canvas serves two purposes. Firstly, it clarifies which current competing factors are used by the industry, and so, by the main competitors competing in the red ocean. Secondly, it is an efficient way to refocus users on new competing factors and hence transform non customers to customers (see figure 5, p. 12). As suitable example of the strategy canvas, the graph was made for Skype (see figure 6, p. 12). Kim and Mauborgne assert that  to  â€Å"reconstruct  buyer  value  elements in crafting a new value curve; we use  the  four  actions  framework†. The  first  one  is  â€Å"eliminate† and  it  represents  the  factor that the industry has long competed in. Skype eliminated the cost of global communications (only with peers to peers usage on internet), the obsolescence and the cost of maintenance of video conference equipment. The second one is â€Å"reduce† and is related to which factors could be reduced well below the industry standard. In the case of Skype, it has reduced the time of connection. The third  factor  is  â€Å"raise† and  considers  which  factors  should  be  raised  well  above  the  industry’s  standard. Skype raised the quality of the voice –essential factor according to Jonathan Rosenberg- and  the  ease  of  use. At  last,  the  fourth  factor  is  â€Å"create† and  implies what could be created that the industry has never offered. Skype was the first 4 company in this industry launching new services like the possibility to share files, to tchat and the availability on mobile devices (see figure 7, p. 3) Normally, conventional competition takes place within clearly established boundaries defined by the products and services the industry traditionally offers. But in this case, Skype has clearly redefined the rules of the industry and has pushed the boundaries usi ng a strategic canvas framework. It is pertinent to ask what happens once a company has created a new value curve in terms of competition. Kim and Mauborgne argue that, sooner or later, the competition tries to imitate it. It is exactly what is happening for Skype. Indeed, many companies have tried to copy this value innovation. According to Focus. om (platform of experts on technology) and CreditScore it is the case for ooVoo, Vbuzzer, VoipBuster, Jajah and SightSpeed. For the future Skype intends to develop its availability on different platforms as it knows that it could increase the volume of users. Hence, Skype wants to be compatible with Xbox, Hotmail messenger and Kinect. Furthermore, Google and Facebook plan to invest $ 4 Billion each one in the company, which reveals that Skype is still seen in advance, compared to its competitors and attracts investors. Even if competitors intend to compete with Skype, they are still struggling to do it. Skype has transformed the value curve of the industry and is still  in  a  â€Å"blue  ocean†. Indeed,  as  noted  by  Microsoft  News  center,  Skype  is  still  the  only software which provides at the same time voice call ( P2P), phone call (calling in), video call, instant messaging, desktop sharing and file sharing (see figure 8, p. 13). What would be the next value innovation to maintain the differentiation? 5 F inally, new groups of customers that enable the new value innovation would be identified. Afterwards, this identification would be supported by Skype example. Most of the time, companies which are competing  within  a  â€Å"red  ocean† try  to  attract customers by refining the segmentation and offering tailoring to meet their needs (Kim and Mauborge 2012). Unfortunately this leads to narrow the number of customers who are reachable, creating too-small target markets. Value innovation follows an utterly different logic. Instead of concentrating on customers, they focus on noncustomers. It has been argued by Kim and Mauborgne that there are three ties of noncustomers that can be transformed into customers (see figure 9, p. 14). It is essential for companies to know who the non-customers are, in  order  to  â€Å"unlock  them†. The  first  tier  is  the  one  which  is  closest  to  the  market’s  company. Noncustomers within this tier are the more likely to become its customers if the company offers a leap in value. In addition,  these  â€Å"soon-to-be† customers  could be loyal and their frequency of purchase could multiply in the near future. The second tier of noncustomers is constituted of people who refuse to use  the  company’s  offering. They  are aware of the offering but have consciously decided to be against the market. For Skype, it could be the case with aged people who know that Skype exists but prefer using  their  â€Å"classic  analog  phone† for  international  calls. The  last  tier  is  â€Å"unexplored† customers who are in markets distant from the company. In reality these people have  never  considered  the  market’s  offering  as  an  option. Using  Skype  example,  this  could be the case of people who do not have an internet access, especially in remote areas. Skype  by  creating  a  leap  of  value  for  customers  has  really  â€Å"unlocked  noncustomers†.
Friday, November 29, 2019
AIDS symtoms essays
AIDS symtoms essays The symptoms of AIDS are primarily the result of infections that do not normally develop in people with healthy immune systems. These infections are termed "opportunistic infections." Patients with AIDS have had their immune system destroyed by HIV and are susceptible to such opportunistic infections. The general symptoms are fevers, sweats, chills, weakness, and weight loss. Some other ones are loss of energy, weight loss, a thick, whitish coating of the tongue or mouth that is caused by a yeast infection and sometimes accompanied by a sore throat. There is also an easier chance of bruising, a continuos deep dry cough, and an increase in loss of breathe. These symptoms however may not necessarily mean that you have AIDS. The best way to fully be sure that you have AIDS would be to go see a doctor. It may just be that you have a very bad cold. Yet people normally will have HIV for years before they fully develop AIDS at which point they should be aware of it. There are however for main stages of HIV/AIDS. This is how people normally develop AIDS: This is when people first contract HIV/AIDS. This stage may last about three (3) months and in some rare cases, as long as a year. Now a process to produce anti-bodies symptoms of infection. This stage may last for years. At this stage, people show signs and symptoms of infection. This stage may last for years as well. Immune system cells are severely depleted. Now the body enters full blown AIDS. At this point the bodys Immune System is completely destroyed. So now more diseases easily spread to the victim. However children get more symptoms which are also complications within them selves. Some of these symptoms are: ...
Monday, November 25, 2019
Free Essays on Movement Into Pleistocene Era
The current 65 million year long Cenozoic Era is divided into the five epoch Tertiary Period and the present Quartenary consisting of the recent 10,000 year Postglacial and the Pleistocene epochs. The latter is characterized by extreme alterations in climate that placed intense survival pressures on hominids. Behavioral flexibility was survival selected by abrupt, extreme ecological changes. During this period Homo erectus migrated out of Africa with a most important ability, the knowldge of fire. In Europe and the Middle East Homo sapiens, also know as Neanderthals, evolved. A short stocky hominid of powerful physique with prominent brow ridges, a sharply sloped back forehead and a cranial capacity greater than modern humans, Neanderthals were well adapted to the temperate to arctic zone they occupied. Substantial evidence of human occupation in Europe appears coincident to the Mindel/Riss interglacial, 350,000 years ago. A new distinct archaic form of H. sapiens is evidenced in sub-Saharan Africa 200,000 years ago. The oldest fully modern humans are evident in the Klaiser River Mouth caves in South Africa from 120,000 - 60,000 years ago (Vbra, E 1996:214). DNA based research conclusions support the theory of African genesis of H. sapiens, sapiens between 200,000 and 140,000 years ago. Artifacts and remains place modern humans in the Near East 90,000 years ago (with typical Neanderthal associated tool assemblages), and in Europe 40,000 years ago, coincident to the Riss-Urm/Ee m/Sangamon Interglacial (Vbra, E 1996:24-25). The Upper Pleistocene includes the Middle and Upper Paleolithic. Middle Paleolithic behavioral changes evidenced include greater variety of flaked tools and flaking techniques, elaborated burials and nurturing of the weak or elderly. During this time similar characteristic Neanderthal tool assemblages are known from sites separated by thousands of kilometers. Season specific tasks are also evidenced. Important behav... Free Essays on Movement Into Pleistocene Era Free Essays on Movement Into Pleistocene Era The current 65 million year long Cenozoic Era is divided into the five epoch Tertiary Period and the present Quartenary consisting of the recent 10,000 year Postglacial and the Pleistocene epochs. The latter is characterized by extreme alterations in climate that placed intense survival pressures on hominids. Behavioral flexibility was survival selected by abrupt, extreme ecological changes. During this period Homo erectus migrated out of Africa with a most important ability, the knowldge of fire. In Europe and the Middle East Homo sapiens, also know as Neanderthals, evolved. A short stocky hominid of powerful physique with prominent brow ridges, a sharply sloped back forehead and a cranial capacity greater than modern humans, Neanderthals were well adapted to the temperate to arctic zone they occupied. Substantial evidence of human occupation in Europe appears coincident to the Mindel/Riss interglacial, 350,000 years ago. A new distinct archaic form of H. sapiens is evidenced in sub-Saharan Africa 200,000 years ago. The oldest fully modern humans are evident in the Klaiser River Mouth caves in South Africa from 120,000 - 60,000 years ago (Vbra, E 1996:214). DNA based research conclusions support the theory of African genesis of H. sapiens, sapiens between 200,000 and 140,000 years ago. Artifacts and remains place modern humans in the Near East 90,000 years ago (with typical Neanderthal associated tool assemblages), and in Europe 40,000 years ago, coincident to the Riss-Urm/Ee m/Sangamon Interglacial (Vbra, E 1996:24-25). The Upper Pleistocene includes the Middle and Upper Paleolithic. Middle Paleolithic behavioral changes evidenced include greater variety of flaked tools and flaking techniques, elaborated burials and nurturing of the weak or elderly. During this time similar characteristic Neanderthal tool assemblages are known from sites separated by thousands of kilometers. Season specific tasks are also evidenced. Important behav...
Thursday, November 21, 2019
The concept of parental choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
The concept of parental choice - Essay Example In such situations, Parents should first find out what they are looking for in a school. Factors such as hours in school, facilities, opportunities and location should be taken into consideration. Making a visit to a variety of schools and meeting people from those schools which are considered gives valuable information. The Information technology advancements will further help parents in making better informed choices. A charter school differs from a public school with its independent rules. The mission of Fenton Avenue Charter School is to successfully educate all students through standard curriculum infused with technology-enriched instructional strategies and learning opportunities (About this, fentoncharter.net). It accommodates around 450 children (Student’s page, web.me). Fenton Charter’s philosophy has been allowing every member of the school community to participate fully in the transformation of the school (About this, web.me). This is a core value for any org anization since it allows people to express themselves. The school is organized in a way where all the professionals work under the supervision of Assistant Director of the school. Some parents prefer home schooling, which makes the children more socialized and strong in academics. The main drawback would be that children would miss the opportunities which are available in
Wednesday, November 20, 2019
Strengths, Weaknesses and Strategies for Sugar Bowl Essay
Strengths, Weaknesses and Strategies for Sugar Bowl - Essay Example Sugar Bowl can effectively take maximum advantage of this student presence in order to increase their visitation to the business especially on some of the slow nights (Hamermesh and Zalosh, 9). Additionally, it is important to realize that since its opening, Sugar Bowl has been experiencing slow growth, having been in the industry for only one year; generally, restaurants and bars often take close to five years in experiencing solvency. Sugar Bowl boasts of a good target market that comprises of many graduate students and young professionals who will enhance its growth and success. Some of the goals regarding the operations of Sugar Bowl include an inability to retain some of its competent sales staff. This means that the company is often left with the option of having its unused capacity being supplemented by other outside workers. Additionally, the company has a problem with compensating its staff in order to elicit maximum support from them. In improving the compensation criteria, the company can be in a better position to enhance their staff morale while reducing the high turnover that it faces. Additionally, the company has high training costs and theft cases, which are said to be emerging from within. Through such activities as effective staff training and motivation, the company will enhance its success and performance, something that will aid in its achievement of goals and objectives. Through effective staff empowerment initiatives, Sugar Bowl will experience reduced daily operations for its management teams (Hamermesh and Zalosh, 10). The company’s inability to predict its sales revenue in the most effective way has also been a major weakness in its growth prospects. Some of the opportunities that Sugar Bowl is facing in its growth and success are largely depended on the need to capture new markets presented by the target marketing, who are students and other young people generated by the universities available in this area.
Monday, November 18, 2019
HRM methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words
HRM methods - Essay Example This is nothing but performance-based compensation, which is one of the widely acknowledged HRM practices that contribute to business success (Dyer & Reeves, 1995; NC-DHHS, 2005). The employees' knowledge that such a reward awaits them if they perform well should keep them on their toes. Granting pay incentives and job promotions according to seniority and length of stay, which is the usual practice, does not motivate employees across the organization because the newer employees know that they will receive the same benefits and career boosts if they just stayed longer in the company and all they need to do is wait for their turn. While they thus wait for their time, you cannot expect them to exert themselves harder at their jobs. Even with a so-so performance, they tend to feel secure in their positions because of employment laws or labor union agreements that forbid dismissal without cause. With the forced ranking and distribution system in place, employees will strive to avoid bein g included in the worst performing group. ... The downside of the system, however, is the perceived lack of a foolproof benchmarking method to measure performance. As noted in the case study, it is inherently difficult to differentiate between good, average and poor performance. Precisely because of this particular difficulty, Goodyear mistakenly fired one chemist who got a consecutive C ranking for poor performance but who, it turned out, had earlier patented a new type of aircraft tire without management knowing about it. In essence, the forced ranking and distribution system is an anachronism to the popular HRM model that sees companies setting up rigid screening processes to ensure that they hire only the best people (Storey, 1992; Guest, 1999). If these companies hire only the best, then how come there are poor performers to be found in their ranks Dow Chemical, for example, realized in time that the forced ranking system did not fit with its corporate philosophy of recruiting only the best employees. In addition, the forced ranking system is likely to provoke perceptions of status and discrimination, thus encouraging income comparisons and perhaps spreading envy as others see a fellow employee doing much better than them (Guest, 1999). Envy and jealousy could have prompted employees at Ford and Goodyear to complain that the system discriminated against certain type of employees. 2) Suppose any of Ford, Goodyear and Dow Chemical contacts you to modify its performance management system to avoid some of the problems that it has experienced. What would you suggest the company do If asked to suggest a performance management system that avoids the pitfalls of the forced ranking and distribution system, I would propose a system that emphasizes the
Saturday, November 16, 2019
Scientific Management Theory Analysis
Scientific Management Theory Analysis The emphasis on increasing productivity from individual worker impels the emergence of F. W. Taylors scientific management at the beginning of 20th century. His philosophy of rationalizing work and organization to achieve maximum productivity, cooperation and prosperity has influenced the production and management model of his age profoundly. Despite the past 100 years, the shadow of Taylors philosophy in terms of production approach and management practice is still alive at the times of information technology, flexibility of production and the industrial restructuring. As Stern has written, The scientific management of Fredrick Taylor shaped the first coherent school of thought with its twin goal of productivity and efficiency- still influences management thinking 100 years on. This essay will assess the influence of scientific management on contemporary organization. Before assessing the influence, it is also important to introduce what scientific management is. It is a set of systematic theory of the correlation between labour and tasks for the purpose of increasing productivity by redesigning the work process. Based on the famous time-motion-study, Taylor developed four principles to increase efficiency: Study the way workers perform their tasks, develop a science for each element of a mans work, which replaces the old rule- of-thumb method. Codify the new methods of performing tasks into written rules and standard operating procedures Carefully select workers who posses skills and abilities that match the needs of the task, and train them to perform the task according to the established rules and procedures Establish a fair or acceptable level of performance for a task, and then develop a pay system that provide a reward for performance above the acceptable level Scientific management is a complete and interrelated system, but this essay will examine Taylors four principle separately to simply the analysis. One best way and division of labour Generally, Taylor believes that there is a one best way of each task to achieve maximum productivity and during his age, He firmly believes the division of labour is the best way to achieve this. Though nowadays, due to the diversification of the market and the organization, the simple one best way can hardly be defined, such as business adopt mass-production strategy can have a completely different optimal method of production than those focus on niche marketing, his spirit of pursuing the best way is still vivid presented. Just as the quality circle pioneered by Japanese car manufacturing, modification is being discussed continuously to make the work process more streamlined, more efficient and not wasteful in its activity, which is essentially the goal of Taylors system.(Stoney, 2001:p27) Especially when information technology has become the means of analyzing the underlying flow of material and information, it is more convenient and prevalent for contemporary organization to deci de the best redesign of business process to pursuing productivity, quality and competitive posture. Incorporated in his spirit, division of labour is the specific outcome of scientific management, the best way Taylor advocates to minimize skills required, and assembly-line, the creation of his age, are also still utilized successfully in contemporary fast-food industry. Such as MacDonald, the unskilled tasks from broken-down cooking procedure and sophisticated time record make it a completely modern duplication of Taylorism. The assembly lined production mode underpins the repetitive work cycle on the line by setting standard times. By doing this, efficiency improves dramatically as unnecessary tasks are eliminated, physical layouts improved, and work speeded up. (Fincham Rhodes, 2005: p678) Despite that deskilling () will de-motivate employees significantly on a general scale, which may result in absenteeism and high staff turnover, its ability of integrating new workers in production processes and dismissing workers without losing knowledge form the organization can successfully overcome it. Besides, the emphasis on quantity rather than quality (Ritzer, 2004) of the fast food industry also highlights the need of efficiency. Taylors influence goes beyond the bounds of manufacturing, the growing army of clerks in the rising service sector are automatically divided into departments and specialized in function. (Fincham Rhodes, 2005: p608) This means the philosophy of division of labour apply to most clerical works to rationalize the working procedure. A merging characteristics of clerical and production labour () becomes one remarkable feature of modern society. However, the anomie and alienation brought by the absolute division of labour limit its further application. The knock-on effect of de-motivate employees on quality and service can have more significant negative impact on contemporary organization than ever when they become the key to profitability at modern times. Despite the limitation of his method, this principle has a considerable profound and lasting influence because of Taylors preoccupation with the efficient use of resources. This philosophy can almost apply to every organization because whichever the work structure is taken, such as the prevalent team work and job enrichment; one of its ultimate goals should be improve efficiency. It can be proved by xxs argument that ()quality circles, rather than being a transformation of labor relations toward democratic participation, are managerial strategy to facilitate workers cooperation with managements goals for efficiency and productivity improvements. Standardization and direct control Taylor proposes standard rules to capture the best practice and direct control of workers to maintain efficiency. As Braverman (1974, p. 47) recognised, Taylorism never was a science, but a control system. Due to separate conception and execution, managers should design, allocate tasks and supervise workers performance without consulting employees opinions.(McGeorge Thoery X) Actually the appliance of Taylors efficiency through rationalization (Stoney, 2001: p.27) builds a mechanistic organizations, with strict rules, standardized defined tasks and top-down communication. Contemporarily, there are still cases where mechanistic organization proves to be optimal. A classic example is call centre where standard script must be followed, number of calls per hour is strictly monitored, as well as managers can listen in calls momentarily. Though it is argued that this complete control will alienate employees as it erodes the sense of freedom and self-determination, only this mechanic struct ure, where all tasks are designed to be consistent and coordinated, rigid rules are followed and instructions are obeyed immediately, can achieve the speedy service and uniform quality. Besides, despite its formalized and hierarchy nature causes inflexibility, organizations, such as call centre, which exist in a relatively stable environment where not much innovation and adjustment are required, has proved to be more effective because of the systematically rationalize procedures. (Burns Stalker, 1961) Thus, it still exists where efficiency dominates effectiveness. More commonly, only element of direct control can be seen in most contemporary organization. For instance, in public accounting firms, supervisor accountants supervise lower-rank accountants assigned with them to each audit. Junior accountants should work under the direct guidance of a senior accountant.(Hall, 1968) This is still due to Taylors inherent advantage, direct control can boost efficiency by rationalizing complex accounting procedure and adopting tasks efficiently and accurately. A further reason is that when meticulousness it the first requirement and errors may cause serious consequence, it is direct control that can maintain efficiency at the same time safeguard the quality. Efficient as it is, the reasons for not being fully adopted is that the drawbacks of direct control largely limit its influence. As Friedman (1977) points out, it neglects the positive aspects of labour. That means know-how and practical experience cannot be reflected and diffused. And the formalized system develops passive organization culture which undermines innovation, commitment and flexibility. This contradicts to the requirement of contemporary organization, especially for manufacturing. At modern times, in manufacturing sphere, the key to profitability lies in innovation.(Ackroyd, 2002) It means how to improve application for existing technology, how to create market advantage by good design and exclusivity become the very crucial issues. This is why most of contemporary organizations only retain elements of direct control and tend to be decentralized to emphases on democratic participation. To a broader extent, Taylors standardization philosophy is more widely used, and the new globalized era makes it an urgent requirement for business. Due to the great advantage of diffuse best practice, standardization becomes the key to facilitate the diffusion of businesss know-how to a new area for achieving a competitive advantage. Meanwhile, it is necessary for coordinating activities on a world wide scale and maintaining strict quality to safeguard firms reputation. However, exposed to a greater level of external complexity, the drawback of rigidity brought by standardization must be overcome, thus standardization is a continuous improvement process nowadays, just as the standard operation in Japanese car manufacturing where work is performed according to standard work sequence to insure quality, meanwhile standard if frequently updated to standardize improvement.(Edwards et al, 1993) To achieve this, standardization tends to be combined with a flatter and organic organization s tructure highlighting integration and decentralization to keep innovative and flexible. Scientific selection and training This is perhaps the most relevant principle today because these processes, selection, performance, as well as appraisal and development have been highly formalized in many organizations today (Cole, 2004). In the knowledge-based economy, talent has become the very valuable asset of business to achieve competitiveness. Much effort is devoted by contemporary organizations on selecting the right person. The contribution of Taylor is that he introduced the importance of selection criteria by management, such as the common competencies (i.e. communication skill, initiative) listed by recruitment department. In line with his emphasis on scientific approach to selection, Taylor advocates scientific training as he argues that it is only when business systematically cooperating to train the competent manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦that it shall be on the road to national efficiency. (Taylor, 1911: p 98)In the context of the knowledge society, companies are generally encouraged to develop employees skills and knowledge (Hansson, 2007) Such as Nissan UK believes the key way for being the most productive car plant in Europe is its ambitious training scheme involving its entire manufacturing workforce.(Lydon, 2007) Costly as it seems, the long-term benefits of quality, safety performance and manufacturing costs overweight it. Moreover, training is usually positively related to promotion (Bayo-Moriones OrtÄ ±Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ´n-Angel 2006) it means it can motivate employees by satisfying their growth, achievement needs. Overstepping Taylors efficiency idea, nowadays the meaning of training is also related to be flexible and acuity enough for competing in a more complex global market, such as the widely-used management trainee schemes in multinationals to cultivate managers with practical experience and global perspective. Money as a motivator Taylor advocates piece-rate payment scheme based on his assumption that human nature is essentially self-interest, workers would be motivated by obtaining the highest possible wage by working in the most efficient and productive way. (Mullins, 2001: p23) In modern age, despite his method can rarely be seen due to the decadence of manufacturing, Based on his philosophy, money motivation still play a crucial role in other form, such as the incentive-based pay system. One common example is sales bonus. The rush of a sales force to place orders before month end reflects highly targeted performance. Thus there is little doubt that this system will work if designed appropriately. In the new context, when various approaches (i.e. job enrichment, team work) are applied to improve personal commitment, money motivator is not narrowed for efficiency as well. For instance, bonuses assessed on cooperation can represent up to 50% of wage packet in Japanese system and group bonuses are also given. (cf. Dohse et al., 1985, pp. 137-8) It means money motivator is now used flexibly according to organizations strategy. Ryness study of pay motivation in contemporary organization also support Taylors assumption, as there is overwhelming evidence that money is an important motivator for most people. Furthermore, he found that for high academic achievers, high performing employees and individuals with high self-efficiency and high needs for achievement, pay are the most important motivator.(Rynes et al, 2004) It means nowadays pay maybe more crucial than ever as those kinds of person are just the valuable human resources that organizations compete for. However, it is undoubted that Taylors idea of motivation is narrow minded and not suit as an extrinsic motivator, the emphasis on money will decrease staffs intrinsic motivator. Despite that, contemporary organizations usually adopt compromising approach as nowadays, the satisfaction of social needs and achievement needs are regarded as almost equality important motivator. Thus, multiple motivators, money in conjunction with other intrinsic motivator are more prevalent. For instance, performance-based pay and challenging work are used in such successful firms as Microsoft. Conclusion remark It should be admitted that there is almost no other management theory can overstep the influence of scientific management. As Braverman says, the principle of scientific management is not a failed system, but a set of guiding principles which continue to inform and influence the role and function of modern management. Some of the methods he advocates, such as division of labour, scientific selection and training, have become the features of modern society. More primarily, as efficiency is one of the enduring needs of all organizations, his preoccupation with the efficient use of resources thus becomes the driving force behind the evolution of subsequent management theories () and the root of management practice. Due to its extensive and deep influence, it is institutionalized not only in contemporary corporation, but also ideologically embraced in other institutions, modelling the modern world with the character of efficiency, calculability, predictability and control through technol ogy. (Ritzer) However, its inherent drawbacks of inflexibility, dehumanization require modification in current situation. Therefore, it can be argued that management of contemporary organization is based on a modification of Taylorism and a combination with more sophisticated management theories.
Wednesday, November 13, 2019
Warfare :: Essays Papers
Warfare Warfare is a prominent theme in Beowulf . The reasons and conduct for and during warfare are mentioned and displayed throughout the poem. The reason for warfare is usually for retribution. As an act of revenge, battles are fought. The conduct is also very standard and prevalent. All warfare fought by honorable men had to be fought fair. If the opposing side bore no weapons, then the other side also used no weapons. The author of this poem depicts himself/herself to be an advocate of warfare. By idolizing Beowulf because of his heroic deeds during warfare, the poet makes armed conflict courageous and noble. The reasons for bloodshed are spelled out quite well when noble Beowulf consoles his sad friend, Hrothgar concerning his friends demise. He tells him: " Sorrow not wise warrior. It is better for a man to avenge his friend than much to mourn" (Norton 45). Beowulf advocates and promises to avenge Aeschere’s death during warfare with the slayer, Grendel’s mother. The act of battle is given a reason and purpose which is to avenge a death. Conduct in warfare might be "every man for himself" in today’s world however, during Beowulf’s time, the poet shows that honor was the most valuable asset. Upon knowledge that Grendel used no weapons, just bare flesh, Beowulf immediately put his weapons aside and promised to fight empty handed, so the fight would be fair. "I have also heard say that the monster in his recklessness cares not for weapons......I scorn to bear sword or broad shield, yellow wood, to the battle, but with my grasp I shall grapple with the enemy and fight for life, foe against foe " (Norton 32). An unfair fight, as the poet implies, has no glory or distinction. This proves Beowulf to be a worthy hero and role-model. The poet gives the impression that warfare is honorable and exciting. This does not imply that the poet likes bloodshed; it refers to honorable warfare. Honorable warfare includes a good reason and virtuous conduct. The poet can not be a pacifist because he/she describes Beowulf as a savior and hero. If the poet was a pacifist he/she would have described him as an egotistical bully. The poet makes Beowulf an icon and noble warrior. Beowulf is described as " †¦survived every combat, every dangerous battle, every deed of courage†¦" also called ".
Monday, November 11, 2019
Effect of Light Color on Plants
Introduction Living organisms have been classified by humans according to several different characteristics, one of them being the manner in which they obtain nutritive organic molecules (1), in other words, their food. Plants are denominated as autotrophs, organisms that can produce their own food from abiotic sources surrounding them, such as light, carbon dioxide and water (2). Plants use these three factors in photosynthesis to convert light energy into chemical energy, which is then stored until the plant needs it, or used right away (3). The process of photosynthesis takes place on organelles (substructures inside eukaryotic cells) called chloroplasts, more specifically, on the membrane of the thylakoids inside the chloroplasts, where protein complexes known as photosystems are situated. It’s these complexes that are responsible for the photosynthetic processes. Because this is the main way in which plants obtain their food, and light energy is the base of said process, light is absolutely essential for their growth. Sunlight contains many different wavelengths which, when isolated, present different colors of visible light. Plants cannot use all wavelengths of light, however, because the different chlorophylls (pigments in the plants’ chloroplasts, also responsible for photosynthesis) absorb and use only certain wavelengths of light ; the rest is reflected back out, unused (4). Exposed to sunlight, plants have available to them, a range of wavelengths wider than the light spectrum visible to us, from which they utilize only a select range for photosynthesizing. This essay will investigate the effect light color/wavelength has on plant germination and rate of photosynthesis. Cellophane sheets of different colors (red, yellow, blue, green) and clear plastic wrap were used to provide these limited wavelengths . The experiments dealing with germination consisted of different seeds being planted separately from other species and being covered by the different colored cellophane or the clear wrap; they were then watered and monitored for a week, taking note of any growth. The plants used were the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), brown mustard (Brassica juncea), and common oats (Avena sativa). For the photosynthesis rate experiment, same sized Brazilian waterweeds (Egeria densa) were inserted in eudiometer tubes filled with water and then placed in a beaker half-filled with water. Each test tube was wrapped with a different color, and the volume of oxygen produced, through photosynthesis, by each of the plants was compared. Beans, specifically all the plants under the genus Phaseolus, are amongst the fastest growing plants and are said to germinate within a week. To make them germinate faster, it’s usually recommended to soak them in water before planting because hydrating the seeds stimulates germination. (5) They also benefit from warm temperatures because they are native to more tropical climates (6). They need to be planted in well drained soil because they aren’t tolerant to water excess. Mustard is also among the fastest sprouting plants, but its growth afterwards is relatively slow as it’s meant to grow flower buds five weeks later. It does better in cool conditions than warm and can usually withstand short periods of mild drought with little to now consequences. In addition, it too, is not tolerant to water clogging in the soil (7). Oats are native to warm, sub-tropical regions and can manage well in poor soils (8) but they also require good water draining . The Experiments Germination Fifteen equally sized plastic containers (cylindrical in shape, approximately 8cm in diameter and 6cm in height) were filled with the same amount of soil. Five of them were allotted to each plant species; making sure to add the same amount of seeds in each segment (comparing to the same species, since the size of the beans and oats is much greater than the brown mustard seeds and would therefore be unreasonable to compare their numbers). Each of the containers was covered with cellophane of a different color (red, blue, yellow, green, or clear plastic wrap) and secured with a rubber band so that each species had a sample exposed to each different light color. They were watered with normal tap water, placed next to the same windowpane for a week and monitored every day. The cellophane secured with the rubber band created a seal that was too tight, preventing excess water from evaporating which overloaded the plants with water and deprived them of enough oxygen. Towards the end of the week, the plants were left covered by the cellophane, but unsecured by the rubber band so that the water was able to evaporate, to provide the dry mass of the samples, which were on average 0. 06g lighter than at the beginning of the week, when they were planted . The mass measured included the seeds, soil and plastic container. Even though an unknown type of fungus started growing in the containers because of the high humidity and warm temperature, some shoots were visible (Table 1). Cellophane ColorQualitative Data Red Some oat and mustard shoots, fungus growth Yellow Fungus growth, no shoots visible Green Oat and some mustard shoots visible, some fungus growth Blue Some oat and few mustard shoots, fungus growth Clear Fungus growth, no shoots visible These samples were discarded and a new method was devised: A cardboard egg container was cut into fifteen separate segments (for the five colors for each of the three species) which were to be used instead of the plastic containers to allow excess water to evaporate through the porous walls and bottom of the cardboard. These segments were then loosely filled in with cotton-wool. After the first experiment, where seeds drowned and fungus started to grow instead because of the excess of water, cotton seemed the best substitute for soil; it would allow for even dispersal of water, a lot of more light would be able to reach the seeds, it would be easier to observe the germination process, and since the cotton didn’t weigh practically anything, it would be easy to measure the change of plant mass on a scale. The segments were weighed once they had the cotton and seeds in them; their mass was noted down individually. A thin layer of cotton was placed on top of the seeds so they would retain moisture above them as well as below, but still allowing light to reach them. Then, the segments were watered with a handheld sprayer until the cotton was thoroughly moist and then were weighed again. To provide the different light coloring, one sample of each species was placed underneath a handmade cover fashioned out of bamboo and cellophane. These covers (Figure 1) provided the needed space for the plants to grow, free flow of air, and control of light shining on the plants. The cotton wool wasn’t a good substitute for soil since it retained little water and evaporated too quickly for the plants to take it in; it mostly bled into the cardboard, which, because of its porous nature, allowed for further evaporation of water. The results are shown in the following table: Color of CellophaneQualitative Data Red Few mustard shoots + very few oat shoots Yellow Very few mustard shoots Green Mustard shoots* + oat shoots ~4cm Blue Mustard shoots* + oat shoots ~3cm Clear Mustard shoots* + oat shoots ~6cm New cardboard segments were cut out and filled in with soil this time. Care was taken to add the same amount of soil (~ 4. 25g) and water (2. 0g) to each container at the beginning of the experiment. The following three days, the amount of water was altered from day to day to find the adequate amount of water that could be retained by the soil without too much bleeding into the cardboard container (since this would weaken its structure and remain unused by the plant); the conclusion was derived that the amount of water should be of the same mass as half of the soil in the container in order to maximize water intake by the plant: about 2. 5g. The results can be seen in Table 3 on the following page. Color of CellophaneQualitative Data Red Mustard sprouts* Yellow No growth Green Mustard sprouts * + oat shoots ~5cm Blue Mustard sprouts* + oat shoots ~8cm Clear Mustard sprouts* + oat shoots ~8cm Photosynthesis Rate The rate of photosynthesis was measured through the volume of oxygen produced in a set amount of time. To do this, six eudiometer tubes were wrapped with different color cellophane (one was left bare, to be the control) and filled with tap water. Next, six strands of Brazilian waterweeds were cut to the same size, each inserted into an eudiometer tube and then placed in a half filled beaker. The eudiometers were held with clamps on a stand and left next to wide windows to photosynthesize at their own rate. The oxygen produced by the plants floated to the surface creating bubbles that could then be measured and compared to each other. The sunlight provided was insufficient however, and the oxygen produced was too little to be measured accurately, but there were clear differences between the different samples; the waterweed in the red light was the one the produced most oxygen, followed by the green, then the blue, yellow, and clear. The control, the one without any cover, was the one that produced the least oxygen. After the experimentation, the data collected was reviewed to determine the most beneficial color for plant germination and photosynthesis rate. Taking the data from each week, the cellophane colors were arranged in order of effectiveness, to make it easier to compare the results (Table 4). Germination Photosynthesis Rate Week 1 Week 2Week 3 Red Green* Clear* Blue* Green Red* Green* Clear* Blue Blue* Blue* Green* Yellow Clear Red Red* Clear YelllowYellow Yellow No cover
Saturday, November 9, 2019
Ronald Reagan essays
Ronald Reagan essays Ronald Wilson Reagan, known as "the great communicator," oversaw the largest peacetime and has had a significant impact ever since. In 1979, Reagan entered the race for the Republican nomination for president. He faced stiff competition but in May 1980, he received enough delegates to win the nomination. Reagan chose Bush as his running mate. After the convention, Reagan lost the large lead he had held over President Jimmy Carter, and they were often tied in the polls. Even though Reagan was criticized for being vague, his ability as a speaker helped him project a favorable image. His strong performance in a debate with Carter one week before the election was credited with winning over a large number of votes. Voters were troubled with inflation and by the year-long confinement of Americans in Iran.' Reagan promised to cut taxes and reduce spending, "while restoring Americas prestige abroad." Reagan received 50.7 % of the popular vote along with 489 electoral votes, while his opponent, Jimmy Carter received 41% of the popular vote with only 49 electoral votes. In the summer of 1984, Reagan campaigned for re-election. Supported by a vigorous economic recovery, Reagan turned his focus on certain key issues such as Balancing a Federal Budget, Central America, and The Strategic Defense Initiative. Polls indicated that Reagan appealed to many across borders such as age, class and even political party. "Reagan Democrats" turned away from the Democratic party as well as young voters who were historically pro-Democrat. Campaign ads for Reagan consisted of peaceful images of "Morning in America." Even with all the positive momentum toward re-election, there was still one thing that worried Reagans campaign managers, and that was Reagan himself. They feared that his image as a decisive and involved leader would fade under investigation, so Reagan avoided formal news conferences and many reporters. During the ...
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Essay on Rape of Nanking notes
Essay on Rape of Nanking notes Essay on Rape of Nanking notes Japanese troops wanted to get rid of Nanking entirely to break the spirit of Chinese resistance. During the time of the genocide, the United States took the articles written in magazines such as Times, Readers Digest and New York Times doubtfully. The stories smuggled out of Nanking came across as too unrealistic to believe. There were many different ways of extermination for this genocide. One example is when the Japanese troops lined up the Chinese people along the banks of the Yangtze River, tied up their hands, and then shot them from behind with machine guns. Victims were also decapitated so that soldiers could use the heads as souvenirs. Another extermination method was to soak the Chinese in gasoline and burn them to death. The Japanese troops sometimes went door to door and some rapes of the Chinese even occurred in the public day and often in front of family members or spouses, some were even gang raped. The Japanese would rape the women and even the little children, treating them like dogs. They would also hit them with Bayonets and during the process the Japanese would proceed to kill some of them. Chinese prisoners were moved to the outskirts of Nanking and they were assembled for killing. Once Chinese soldiers were removed as a threat Japanese soldiers started to turn violence on public, most of which being women. The polarization for this Genocide had to do with the initial order to invade the previous capital of China. This was Japan’s way of showing the difference in ethnic groups. China was given the idea that they were separated very quickly. The Rape of Nanking is proven fact. This massacre has been denied by Japanese officials in an article written by CNN. During the massacre there were over 300,000 deaths
Monday, November 4, 2019
Direct and e marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Direct and e marketing - Essay Example "The Internet is at once a world-wide broadcasting capability, a mechanism for information dissemination, and a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location" (1). Furthermore, some kind of businesses cannot manage without the Internet technologies and e-commerce. This paper will argue that it is impossible to imagine modern marketing technologies such as direct and e-marketing without effective data protection and privacy laws. 2. Data protection and privacy laws play a very important role for business development today and determine the future development of direct and e-marketing. "Direct marketing is intrusive, both in relation to the privacy of personal behaviour, and into the privacy of personal data. The degree of sensitivity varies greatly, depending on the person, the data and the context" (2). Data protection and privacy laws vary in different countries, but there are some significant similarities concerning the issue. In the United States some data protection acts have been adopted. "Actions such as the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 (FACT) and The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLB Act) have combined to create a relatively thorough protection of both financial data and personal information" (3). Financial data and personal information protection are of great importance especially while using such marketing methods as direct marketing and e-marketing. Nonpublic personal information term is precisely determined and concerns many aspects of financial data, customer and seller information. "Nonpublic personal information collected includes, but is not limited to, data from the consumer, the consumer's transactions with a financial institution or its affiliate, from nonaffiliated third parties about the consumer's transactions with them and from credit reporting agencies" (3). This information is protected with the data protection acts indicated above. European Union has also recently adopted data protection principles. The 8th Data Protection principle provides that "Personal data must not be transferred to a country or territory outside the European Economic Area unless that country or territory has an adequate level of protection for the rights and freedoms of data subjects" (4). The UK also adopt data protection acts, but "Many are also commenting that the UK has inadequately implemented the Electronic Privacy Directive (2002/58 /EC), resulting in too lenient a treatment of persons who send unsolicited commercial email ('spam') in the UK" (4). So, the UK data protection policy needs to be improved, as well as in France: "The French Data Protection Authority, Commission Nationale de L'Infortmatique et des Liberts ("CNIL"), has ruled that an email service provided by Rampell Software, a Florida-based company, is illegal, as it breaches French data protection law" (4). But later, in May 2003, the UK legislation changed:" The most controversial aspect of the legal changes is the new regulatory regime for email marketing.
Saturday, November 2, 2019
Technology for patient safety Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Technology for patient safety - Essay Example fication of the patient, wrong drug prescription, infectious contact with staff, or a prescription that has a reactive quality with another drug already being administered, etc. Over the past few years the need to establish and regulate an effective safeguarding system for both; the patients and the staff, from the day to day errors was felt as a result of which newer technologies for patient safety were formed. This literature aims to address patient safety technologies. All the patient safety technologies and systems developed are first tested and verified to be compatible with certain standards of the Joint Commission or other respective certification organizations. For the effective functioning of the technologies and ensuring their working state; a health care facility must fulfill the standards provided by the certification authority which address issues like medication use, infection control, surgery and anesthesia, transfusions, restraint and seclusion, staffing and staff competence, fire safety, medical equipment, emergency management, and security. The process mentioned isn’t that simple so as to directly implement a certain technology. It is first tested in a health care facility and is first proven to be compatible not only with the health care environment but also with the patients and the other general community. These technologies also focus on detailed data provision to the doctors which is quite important since the doctor must be informed about the patient and his/her condition along with the patient being informed about the health care environment. Polls are taken amongst the patients to take into consideration their views and comfort to implement a certain Patient Safety Technology. For instance; results from a study at a quality of care unit in Geneva University Hospitals, Switzerland, found that more than â€Å"90% of patients said they would agree to wear an ID bracelet†. With the accreditation of a health care institute comes the
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